Learning by observation
This time, I want to introduce observational learning to you. It is a type of learning which happens by watching other’s behaviors. It is a form of social learning. I think observation is the most effective way for children to learn knowledge or behavior, as we can easily find a lot of daily examples of observational learning happening around us most of the time.
Albert Bandura is the founder of observational learning, he called it the process of social learning modeling, and provided it with four conditions which are necessary for learning to form through observation. The first condition is attention. When attention takes on the target modeled behavior. This can understand the details about this behavior. The second condition is retention. The observer must be able to recall the observed behavior. The third condition is motor reproduction, which means the observer has to have the ability to perform the particular type of behavior. The last condition is motivation and opportunity. Observer must have motivation and chance to carry out the behavior. Without the above conditions, observational learning cannot occur.
Bandura’s BoBo doll experiment
This time, I want to introduce observational learning to you. It is a type of learning which happens by watching other’s behaviors. It is a form of social learning. I think observation is the most effective way for children to learn knowledge or behavior, as we can easily find a lot of daily examples of observational learning happening around us most of the time.
Albert Bandura is the founder of observational learning, he called it the process of social learning modeling, and provided it with four conditions which are necessary for learning to form through observation. The first condition is attention. When attention takes on the target modeled behavior. This can understand the details about this behavior. The second condition is retention. The observer must be able to recall the observed behavior. The third condition is motor reproduction, which means the observer has to have the ability to perform the particular type of behavior. The last condition is motivation and opportunity. Observer must have motivation and chance to carry out the behavior. Without the above conditions, observational learning cannot occur.
Bandura’s BoBo doll experiment
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| Image: learningtheories4101.pbworks.com |
As Bandura was very interested in how observational learning affected children’s behavior, he conducted an experiment in 1961 and 1963, and this experiment was named as “The BoBo Doll” experiment. Three groups of children were involved in this experiment. They have to watch videos which contained different level of violence behavior. Children were allocated to three different rooms and each room got a BoBo doll. The result showed that the group of children who watched video containing the most violence video would perform more violence behavior to the BoBo doll.
This experiment shows that it is important that parents should choose the right type of TV programs for their children, otherwise the kids will become the clown in the Batman movie!!
Vicky Wong
References:
Bandura, Albert. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall.
"Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games Be a Force for Good?", Christopher J. Ferguson, Review of General Psychology, 14, 68-81
Sharon & Woolley (2004). Do Monsters Dream? Young Children Understands of the Fantasy/Reality Distinction. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 293-310. Retrieved October 4, 2010 from the British Psychological Society database.
Bandura, Albert. (1986) Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall.
"Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games Be a Force for Good?", Christopher J. Ferguson, Review of General Psychology, 14, 68-81
Sharon & Woolley (2004). Do Monsters Dream? Young Children Understands of the Fantasy/Reality Distinction. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 293-310. Retrieved October 4, 2010 from the British Psychological Society database.
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