Monday 16 July 2012

Laugh Out Loud - Jul 2012

Howard Gardner advocates multiple intelligences and identifies seven intelligences in 1993.  Can you link them up?



For hint, see Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The Theory in Practice. New York: Basic Books. 

Please send the answers with your NAME and CONTACT NUMBER to salford.psy.hk@gmail.com on or before 25th July, 2012.  Those who got all correct will enter our lucky draw to win special prize!


Venus Lai & Stephanie Szeto

________________________________________________________________
 The answer of 8th issue, June 2012
A. Sigmund Freud proposed 2. Psychosexual stages
B. Jean Piaget proposed 3. Cognitive Developmental Theory
C. Howard Gardner proposed 1. Multiple intelligences

答對上期問題而被抽中的讀者是
Frankie Chan

幸運兒可得到
日記簿 及 便條紙 各1份


由於參加者眾多,其他參加者將獲得安慰獎以作鼓勵。=)
特此鳴謝 www.sunnysideup12.com 的贊助


Andrien Photography - Jul 2012





Warren Adrien Tang

歡迎投稿 - Jul 2012

Welcome for your contribution
We welcome your contribution.  Please keep your psychology-related article to a maximum of 800 words and send it with article title, references your full name and contact number by email to salford.psy.hk@gmail.com with subject: “Contribution to Psycholic” on or before 27th Jul, 2012.  Plagiarism is not accepted.

歡迎投稿
歡迎閣下的參與,請把不多於800字有關心理學的作品,連同文稿主題、參考文獻及閣下的姓名聯絡電話,於2012年7月27日前以電郵投稿至 salford.psy.hk@gmail.com ,郵件主題註明:「Contribution to Psycholic」。抄襲作品恕不接受。

PsyPanacea - Jul 2012

Write to Panacea and you might be answered! We want to wipe that frown off your face. Remember, all askers remain anonymous. Just drop your question into our mailbox, or write to us at salford.psy.hk@gmail.com. The Goddess awaits your worries and woes.

Kristen Pereira

Dear Panacea,  

Image: tomdownload.com
My husband’s mahjong habit is really killing the romance. We do talk...once a day, at the dinner table. But other than that, travelling, weekends, bedtime, he’s always playing! (it’s also on his phone, making it easier to play everywhere he goes). We never sleep at the same time anymore, he comes in 3 hours after I’m asleep. We never watch TV together, or have a nice dinner. He keeps denying his addiction. How do I help him?  

-Worried Wife

Defense Mechanisms - Jul 2012

Humor

Making fun out of bitterness is a good way to regulate mood. It helps retaining optimism, and thus preserving well-being. When used wisely, it helps accommodating embarrassing atmosphere and gaining liking too.

Picture: Venus Lai

Making fun of others can be hurtful! Do not build your happiness on others’ agonies. Otherwise, humor will become “black” in color (黑色幽默). :P

Venus Lai

Reference:
Robinson, J. III & McCormick, D.J. (2011). Concepts in Health and Wellness. New York: Cengage Learning.

Pickpocket - Jul 2012


If you did not notice any specific or major changes in your friends or family members, you should consider this a good thing because it means they probably did not undergo shocking or miserable events.


The Introduction of Principles, Reading NVB

Previously, you were introduced to some of the more advanced principles about the importance of identifying more than one NVB at a time and sudden changes in behavior. This skill is important whether it is for observing people’s behavior or caring about your close ones.

No.8 -Identify Truth and Misdirection
       
Sometimes, it is very easy to misjudge behavior and expressions and miss out crucial details.

Photo: skinnyrunner.com
People who are good liars know how to “convince” you and make you believe their lies, so usually when they lie, you instantly fall into their trap. For example, when you ask a friend, “oh, what do you think about him?”, he smiled to you and said “I like him.” You would definitely believe him if you were blinded by his smile and missed out on the subtle expansion of his nostrils. If you want to become a good “mind” reader, do not miss out any details, just like my favorite, Sherlock Homes.

No.9 -Foundation: Judging of Relaxation and Nervousness 

Photo: hbo.com
A lot of principles have been talked about. To different extents, they would be difficult to understand but in this No.9 one, we give you basic knowledge to practice your mind picking skills by differentiating between relaxed and nervous.

This skill is easy to carry out but very difficult to digest. To make it simple, consider the paradigms 'negative' and 'positive'. The only thing you need to do is to look at a person’s expressions and judge whether it is positive or negative. It can help you to truly decode people’s mind and body. When you are not sure what the meaning of the expression is, try to ask yourself if it looks like a relaxed expression (etc: satisfied, happy or relaxed) or nervous (etc: unsatisfied, unhappy, stressed, nervous or anxious). Most expressions can be classified into these two categories.

No.10 -Become Invisible while Observing

When you 'observe' people by staring at their face, it could be quite offensive to them, especially when you are just a learner and you do not know how to observe under the radar. Train yourself to be inconspicuous.

Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
Imagine you are a detective like Sherlock Homes, how can you keep your target in your eyes without his knowledge? Reflections! If you are in the MTR (metro), the best way to observe is using the reflections on the glasses or your phone or even your watch! You've seen it in the movies, but it actually does work!

I am sure after these ten principles of observing, you now have the basics to do well at observation. In the coming issue, I will give you a brief introduction of how our physiology relates to NVB and share a law case in America with you about reading NVB.

Practice makes perfect!

Pick their thoughts! They cannot hide their expression and hold their intentions from your eyes!
Jason Lam

Reference:
Navarro, J., &cKarlins, M. (2009).What every BODY is saying an ex-FBI agent's guide to speed reading people (Kindle ed.). S.I.: William Morrow Paperbacks

Psych-Action - Jul 2012

主辦機構: 香港科學館
活動名稱:「腦與認知」展覽
類型:展覽
展期:2012年6月2日 - 10月10日
時間:下午2時30分至4時30分
地點:香港科學館地下展覽廳
網址:hk.science.museum/spexh/brain/index.html
設有專題講座,請留意以上網頁公佈。


主辦機構: 基督教靈實協會
活動名稱:幽默心理學 - 包腹大笑的智慧
類型:講座
講者:註冊社工 陳源裕先生
日期:2012年7月21日 星期六
時間:下午2時30分至4時30分
地點:將軍澳寶林邨寶寧樓325-326室
靈實白普理寶林社區健康發展中心
報名熱線:27013407


主辦機構:基督教靈實協會
活動名稱:正向心理學 - 快樂方程式
類型:講座
講者:註冊社工 陳源裕先生
日期:2012年8月4日 星期六
時間:下午2時30分至4時30分
地點:將軍澳寶林邨寶寧樓325-326室
靈實白普理寶林社區健康發展中心
報名熱線:27013407

Sora Siu

Sunshine is always with you - Jul 2012

不要後悔

人在死前最痛苦的事情,莫過於有著後悔的事。人生當中往往有很多決定會令我們後悔。為什麼我們會後悔呢?後悔是因為我們有檢視事實思維 (Counter factual thinking) 。這種思維讓我們對決策的預期與實際後果作出比較。在決策時,我們會有多過一個選擇,若選擇了 A ,後來發現原來選 B 比 A 更好,可惜不能回頭,這種反事實思維,就帶來後悔的感受。所以在自己還生存的時候,不要做錯後悔的決定吧!

筆者在【死前會後悔的25件事】一書中,特別抽出三件最深刻的事件。

一.    沒有去做自己想做的事
Photo: 粘人網

人的一生,轉瞬即逝;臨走之前,人生願望的實現比例和後悔的程度自然是成反比。雖然人生的喜悅因人而異,但是如果一再勉強自己,想說的話說不出口,想做的事情也沒能完成,只為別人而活的人生,一定很痛苦。

如何不在臨終之際後悔,唯有挺起胸膛,忠實面對自己的想法,全力奔馳才能感動人心。活出自由的人生或許不會受到所有人的尊敬,但卻會受到眾人的喜愛,而且留下令人滿心舒坦的暢快。所以建議,大家平時就儘量去做自己想做的事情(合法),在(儘量)不給他人帶來困擾的前提下,活得更任性一點。

不後悔的人生,就是忠於自我;放棄自己想做的事情,最後一定會後悔。

二.    沒能實現夢想

人總有各種夢想,但這其中又有多少能夠真正實現呢?現實永遠是非常殘酷的。但,只要還懷抱著夢想,就有可能實現,一旦放棄,可能性就變成零;如果堅持不放棄,可能性就不會是零。仔細想想,比起夢想沒有實現、無法實現,在死前更讓人後悔的,或許是沒有為了實現夢想而竭盡全力。

面對殘酷現實的煎熬,依然相信前方必有光明而持續努力向前,其實非常困難;但也因為如此,「追夢人」的存在才如此難能可貴。人並不是因為無法實現夢想而後悔,而是因為沒能持續做夢而後悔。如果曾經竭盡全力追夢,最後因為無計可施、彈盡援絕而只好放手時,後悔或許會少一些。

如果沒有了夢想或熱情,那麼就只是在消耗生命而已。當人懷抱著夢想或希望而活著時,才能真正活得像人。長久守護的夢想發光發亮時,一定能照亮一個人的生存之道;如果直到人生最後一刻都能擁有這樣的夢想,即使無法實現,至少也能減少後悔。

三.    沒能對他人體貼

對他人體貼其實並不容易;因為有時後以為自己是對別人好,事時上卻傷害了對方。強加於對方身上的體貼,不會是一貼良藥;有時後只要在一旁陪伴,安靜地甚麼也不說,反而是體貼的極致表現。

尤其語言最是困難。即使是同樣的語言,也會因為表情、聲調、微妙的表達方式,或者說話者的緣故,讓對方有完全不同的感受。不過只要有心對人體貼,都還算好;遺憾的是,這個世界上有些人會為了滿足自己的慾望或者提高自己的價值,而故意貶低他人。

要是覺得自己不夠體貼,那就常常提醒自己,因為這都會成為死前後悔的原因之一。能夠發自內心體貼別人,而不只是表面上表現關心的人,即使死期逼近,應該也能打從心底對自己體貼才是;所以真正體貼的人,在死前後悔也會比較少。

最近,筆者鼓勵讀者們把握和珍惜現有的時間去做自己想的事情、追尋自己的夢想、多些關心自己的親人和朋友,不要讓自己感到後悔,這樣人生才是真正不枉過。

Woody Yip

Reference:
大津秀一. (2010729). 死前會後悔的25件事. 天下遠見出版().

Extra - Jul 2012

Congrats to Sora Siu

We are glad to announce that Sora Siu, our Creative Editor, has been employed by the Department of Health, the Government of HKSAR as a Summer Intern for involving in mental health research and assisting in mental health education.

本刊非常高興地宣佈,我們的創作編輯—蕭子鋒,已獲香港政府衛生署聘請為今屆的暑期實習生。他將會參與精神健康有關的研究,以及協助制作精神健康教材。


News Feed - Jul 2012

OUHK LiPACE 20th Anniversary Banquet

It has been our honour to join the 20th aniversary banquet of the LiPACE held on 15th Jun! Started with photo taking, the banquet began with cheers and big smiles. The musical performances, fashion show and prize presentation are all adorable. The most exciting part is probably the lucky draw, which is the only moment when the hall becomes silent as everybody was waiting the lucky ones to be called. We love the flowers, the dishes, and also the souvenir, which is an 8GB USB! Moreover, each of us received a voucher for the table prize. It was such an amazing night, and we enjoyed it a lot. If you have missed such a wonderful night, you may share our memories with the photos below.


SD3 - Jul 2012

For each statement, choose the number which mostly represents your characteristics in the rating scale.

0
1
2
3
4
Not at all characteristic or true of me
Slightly characteristic or true of me
Moderately characteristic or true of me
Very characteristic or true of me
Extremely characteristic or true of me

I get nervous that people are staring at me as I walk down the street.

I worry about shaking or trembling when I’m watched by other people.

I would get tense if I had to sit facing other people on a bus or train.

I worry I might do something to attract the attention of other people.

When in an elevator, I am tense if people look at me.

I can feel conspicuous standing in a line.

How high you score? If the total score in the above is higher than seven, you may be a bit anxious with the presence of others. The statements listed above are some of the examples in the Social Phobia Scale (SPS). It measures the degree of anxiety of a person when he/she is expecting observation or actually being observed by others. The original scale consisted of 20 statements with a total score of 80.


Who Break the Ice?

Photo: bellaswanpicss.blogspot.com
Social phobics often find interaction difficult. Because of their fear of being embarrassed, their subsequent actions make them even more embarrassing. This is the reason why a companion test of Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) is used along with SPS to test for one’s behavior and fear of interacting with people.

Treatments of social phobia should be applied as early as it can be. Having social phobia during childhood is related to substance abuse, occupational impairment and suicidal thoughts in adulthood. Much time and patience is needed before the social phobics get familiar with a stranger. Sometimes people misunderstood them as they dislike others. However, the truth is they do not know the way to communicate with others, especially strangers.

Photo: justrec.com
Nonetheless, awkwardness can be beautiful too. Have you met some shy people before? Sometimes, instead of linking them to absurdity, you feel the beauty of immaturity, the greenness and the imperfect. Bella Swan is an "imperfect" example. She is shy, so shy that we would describe her as a social phobics. Yet, in the Twilight Saga, she has her friends too. Her friends still invited her out, though at the end she spent most of the time with Edward Cullen. To conclude, shyness should not be accounted for the main reason for unpopularity. In fact, being quiet may by some means or other arouses others' curiousity. If you do not believe me, watch the Twilight movies again.

Venus Lai

Reference:
Brown, E.J., Turovsky, J., Heimberg, R.G., Juster, H.R., Brown, T.A. & Barlow, D.H. (1997). Validation of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobia Scale Across the Anxiety Disorders. Psychological Assessment, 9(1), 21-27.

Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1989). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Unpublished manuscript.

Puliafico, A.C., Comer, J.S., Kendall, P.C. (2007). Social Phobia in Youth: The Diagnostic Utility of Feared Social Situations. Psychological Assessment, 19(1), 152-158.

Psycovery - Jul 2012

面紗下的情感

現今,仍有部分穆斯林婦女因宗教或政治等因素而需要蒙上黑色面紗,只可將眼睛外露。最近,有心理學家首次研究穆斯林黑紗對面部情感溝通的影響,發現黑紗會對情緒感知產生錯覺。

荷蘭阿姆斯特丹大學的 Agneta Fischer 教授以及她的團隊,利用短片中的女演員向實驗參與者展示四種不同的情緒,分別為中性、開心、憤怒及羞愧。而實驗參與者則被分為三組,其中一組片段的演員蒙上黑紗只外露眼睛;第二組片段的演員被黑色長條遮蓋前額及眼睛以下,同樣只外露眼睛;而第三組演員則沒有任何遮蓋物。實驗參與者需要為片中演員所表達不同情緒的程度評分。

結果發現,穿著黑紗的演員在快樂程度的得分都較其餘兩組低。而且,只有眼睛外露的演員(被黑紗或黑色長條)在羞愧程度的得分較沒有任何遮蓋物的演員高。但三組片段中憤怒程度的得分則沒有明顯差異,研究人員解釋這是由於憤怒主要透過皺起眉頭表達,所以即使遮蓋其它部分都不受影響。另外,研究人員亦有詢問參與者對穆斯林黑紗的意見,他們發現,觀看只有眼睛外露演員的參與者比另一組參與者表達更負面的態度,而且與他們對負面情緒的評分成正比。所以,遮蓋面部除了令人感知更多的負面情緒外,反過來說亦會影響對黑紗的觀感。

研究人員承認實驗方法的不足,就是雖然其中兩組片段是利用同一片段剪輯成(黑色長條遮蓋物及沒有任何遮蓋物),但戴上黑紗的片段是分別拍攝,片中演員所展露的情緒可能因此會有些微差別。然而,這沒有削弱這項實驗中的發現,遮蓋面部的確對情感溝通有所影響,就是會誇大對負面情緒的感知及減低對正面情緒的感知。

宣揚停止壓迫伊斯蘭婦女的海報。 Image: ISHR.org

Sora Siu

References:
Fischer, A., Gillebaart, M., Rotteveel, M., Becker, D., and Vliek, M. (2012). Veiled Emotions: The Effect of Covered Faces on Emotion Perception and Attitudes. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3 (3), 266-273

Jarrett, C. (2012, May 31). BPS Research Digest. Retrieved June 3, 2012, from Faces covered by a niqab are seen as less happy and expressing more shame: http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.hk/2012/05/faces-covered-by-niqab-are-seen-as-less.html

Words from Editors - Jul 2012

The multitasking generation, the “google it” generation, the information generation, the technology generation; these are only a few endearments for our current generation. The great thing about being an editor catering to the same generation is that we can truly understand what you like to engage yourself in. We know what topics make you tick, what will attract your attention and well, Bullseye!

The one thing about our generation is our love for the media, and that includes great TV shows. One of such shows that ended recently is Desperate Housewives. In its last season, there was heartbreak, there was joy, there was anger, and of course, desperation. There was everything we could connect to as viewers. Most importantly, there was psychology.

The beautiful world of psychology is all around us. Gone are the days where psychologists were viewed as old men with glasses, beards and stern eyes (not in any way referring to our father Freud). Our generation respects the founders of Psychology, but like every field of science, pushes the boundaries, find new perspectives in this every growing discipline.

As Hong Kong celebrates once again its handover from the British rule, we hope that our generation keeps psychology young and trendy, advancing into new areas that suit the needs of youngsters today.

Psycholic, on par with the youth, will continue to aim at everything trendy and current to truly engage our readers. Tonight, we are young and we would love to grab our readers as moths to a light.

Kristen Pereira