Friday, 15 June 2012

Laugh Out Loud - Jun 2012

Pop quiz! Match the psychologists who proposed the following theories.


1.       Multiple Intelligence

A.      Sigmund Freud

2.       Psychosexual stages

B.      Jean Piaget

3.       Cognitive Developmental Theory

C.      Howard Gardner

Send the answers with your FULL NAME and CONTACT NUMBER to salford.psy.hk@gmail.com on or before 25th June 2012. Those who got all correct will enter our lucky draw to win a special prize! Enjoy LOL
Venus Lai & Stephanie Szeto
_________________________________________________________
The answers of 7th issue, May 2012 are B, D, E, F, G, K, I.
得獎者是 Aries Tse! 今期的獎品是…
護手霜 及 潤唇膏 各1支

由於參加者眾多,其他參加者將獲得安慰獎以作鼓勵。=)

歡迎投稿 - Jun 2012

Welcome for your contribution
We welcome your contribution.  Please keep your psychology-related article to a maximum of 800 words and send it with article title, references your full name and contact number by email to salford.psy.hk@gmail.com with subject: “Contribution to Psycholic” on or before 27th Jun, 2012.  Plagiarism is not accepted.

歡迎投稿
歡迎閣下的參與,請把不多於800字有關心理學的作品,連同文稿主題、參考文獻及閣下的姓名聯絡電話,於2012年6月27日前以電郵投稿至 salford.psy.hk@gmail.com ,郵件主題註明:「Contribution to Psycholic」。抄襲作品恕不接受。

Andrien Photography - Jun 2012



Warren Adrien Tang

PsyPanacea - Jun 2012

Write to Panacea and you might be answered! We want to wipe that frown off your face. Remember, all askers remain anonymous. Just drop your question into our mailbox, or write to us at salford.psy.hk@gmail.com. The Goddess awaits your worries and woes.

Dear readers,


This month is a special month for my mom. With a huge event coming up in her life, she has showed me how to still come forth as a strong, successful woman. It’s really great to have a mom like her. So this month’s article is dedicated to my mom and to all moms. Mother’s day has past, but it’s not too late to celebrate having a mom. Cheers Mom!

-Kristen Pereira
_______________________________________________________________


Pickpocket - Jun 2012

Have you set the baseline of your subject? Could you find the unique behavior of your subject? I am sure you did after you used your brilliant observational skills. It is crucial to have a baseline to read NVB so that we can judge accurately if there is no comparison.
 
The Introduction of Principles, Reading NVB
 
I taught you how to make the foundation to judge people’s behavior and based on it, to identify the idiosyncratic behavior. Then in this issue, a complex application and experienced based application will be introduced separately, appearance of more than one NVB and sudden change of behavior.
 
No.6 -Multiple Implication

It is very easy for you to judge a person’s NVB after you set the baseline for him/her. However it is more complicated if there is more than one NVB. Normally people do not have just one obvious baseline. Instead, they might simultaneously have a set of behavior. So reading people is the equivalent of playing with a jigsaw puzzle, where we need to solve the whole picture by identifying those right ones. Occasionally, there will be missing pieces, or even pieces of other puzzles.
Photo: Betting.Betfair.com

Missing a few NVB traits while judging is not a big deal because we concentrate on the bigger picture of the event and person. But wrong pieces are more dangerous. For example, when you see a person that smiles as he bets more money for his cards on the poker table, you would judge he has good cards, but at the same time he closes his eyes when he smiles after looking at the cards. Actually he does not have good cards. It is just human nature to close our eyes when we want to avoid seeing something unfavorable. The smile is a bluff, the wrong NVB.
 
No.7 -Sudden Change of Personal Behavior

Have you ever experienced your friend's sudden change in his/her behavior? Maybe after an exam, like an excited child waiting to Ocean Park but suddenly finds out he cannot go there anymore, he changes his behavior?

Simply put behavior changes with the environment. People also change dramatically after a serious or life-changing event. We must remember that the behavior of a person can be stable only if their personality permits. So there will not be a lot of or drastic behavioral changes within a short period of time. The way that you judge a person’s changed behavior is according to the baseline that you set for him/ her before. Even if you have not established a baseline, you should already have one based on your joint experience or closeness.

Once you realize that the person has a sudden behavioral change, you need to be aware of him/ her because maybe something serious happened.
 
In the coming issue, I will write about the principle No.8 Identify Truth and Misdirection, No.9 Foundation: Judging of Relaxation and Nervousness and No.10 Become Invisible while Observing.
 
Practice makes perfect!
 
Pick their thoughts! They cannot hide their expression and hold their intentions from your eyes!

Jason Lam

Reference:
Navarro, J., &Karlins, M. (2009).What every BODY is saying an ex-FBI agent's guide to speed reading people (Kindle ed.). S.I.: William Morrow Paperbacks

Paradox - Jun 2012

Casino is an interesting place to observe the behaviors of people. Have you ever wondered why some people will choose to leave, but some will still remain in the table while they have won or lost the same amount of money?

$100 is not the same as $100
Photo: iesmenglish.files.wordpress.com

The Prospect Theory gives an explanation to certain behaviors of gamblers. The theory suggests when people are facing uncertainty, they will make decisions based on the potential value of losses and gains, but not the final outcome. That means people will set a standard for them to make decisions, then they will calculate the difference between this standard and their every expected result. For example, a man expected to win $200 in a table. Finally he won $200 but he will not be surprised with that. When he got a chance to win more than $200, he will consider it carefully in order not to lose his expected $200. While he will not consider another safety way to win $100 as it is not his expected result.
Photo: iesmenglish.files.wordpress.com

There is a standard in people’s mind. That the impact from winning and losing the same amount of money is different. For example, a man expected to win $500 in a table with $2000 capital. After he won $500 that will be nothing for him but when he lost $500, he will be frustrated because the actual difference is not $2000 - $1500 = $500, it should be $2500 - $1500 = $1000. In an easy way, the frustration caused by losing is greater than the surprise caused by winning.

In another word, the best way to make you happy in a casino will be: take away all your capital after the first win; use the money from first win as a new capital; take away a little amount into your pocket after each win; retreat when the new capital lost to certain amount. There is only one discipline for gamblers in the casino: nothing is more than winning.

Anthony Chan

Reference:
Kahneman D, Versky A (1979) "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk", Econometrica, XLVII (1979), 263-291

Defense Mechanisms - Jun 2012

Fantasy

Everyone has his own desire. Expectations of pleasurable outcomes bring us to the fantasyland. Personally I think fantasy is a useful tool to motivate myself. During the dark times, thinking of the good outcomes can push me forward. It acts as an important reward, even it is not real. Fantasy is absolutely normal. It is one of the most common defense mechanism we use.
Image: Venus Lai

Abusive use of fantasy can be destructive! Don’t stop working when you fancy. Otherwise, your dream will only be a dream, and there will never be a dream come true.

Venus Lai

Reference:
Robinson, J. III & McCormick, D.J. (2011). Concepts in Health and Wellness. New York: Cengage Learning.

Psych-Action - Jun 2012

Organiser: Hong Kong Psychological Society
Name of Activity: HKPS Annual Conference 2012
Type: Conference
Date: 16th June, 2012 (Sat)
Time: 9:00 am - 17:30 pm
Venue: Academic Building LT1,
City University of Hong Kong
Details: www.hkps.org.hk/index.php?fi=event


主辦機構:香港心理衛生會
活動名稱:焦慮症多面睇!
類型:講座
講者:註冊臨床心理學家 蔣君香女士
日期:2012年6月22日 星期五
時間:晚上7時30分至9時正
地點:觀塘翠屏道3號
基督教家庭服務中心2樓禮堂
(觀塘港鐵站D1出口)
留座熱線:25284656


主辦機構:香港心理衛生會
活動名稱:從心理治療到正向心理學
—如何發揮情緒的正面功能
類型:講座
講者:註冊臨床心理學家 胡國榮先生
日期:2012年6月27日 星期三
時間:晚上7時30分至9時正
地點:觀塘翠屏道3號
基督教家庭服務中心2樓禮堂
(觀塘港鐵站D1出口)
留座熱線:25284656
聽眾可獲贈新書《一百「浸」個快樂》一本




Sora Siu

Sunshine is always with you - Jun 2012

你的力量比你想像中的大—「讓愛傳出去」

Image: mocidadelitoralcentro.wordpress.com

大家都知道病菌可以透過空氣互相傳染,但大家是否也知道其實開心、大笑也可以傳染﹖大家曾否遭遇過看見別人大笑時也會令你很想笑﹖會否有些場面令你感覺輕鬆或嚴肅﹖為什麼會這樣? 其實每個人也有影響力,如果你不相信的話,可以與你朋友做一個測試,當你對住他笑(不需要任何理由,當然也不可以被他知道你為什麼笑) ,很大可能他也會以笑容回覆你。筆者也相信大家一定也被一些東西影響過,可能是一些書本、運動員、成功人仕等等,簡單地說明,人會互相影響,亦有一句老話「生命影響生命」。筆者想介紹一套關於互相影響的電影給大家—「讓愛傳出去」(Pay It Forward )。

電影講述一位社會研究學的老師尤金(凱文史貝西飾),出了一個作業給他的學生們,要他們想一個辦法改變世界,並且將它付諸實行。男主角—崔佛(哈利奧斯蒙飾),是他的學生之一,他想出了一個「讓愛傳出去」的構想:以我為中心,幫助三個單靠個人能力是解決不了問題的人,這三個人不需要回報付出者,但他們每個人必須把感恩的心情傳出去,幫助另外三個人。在連鎖效應下,兩個星期就有超過四百七十萬個人受惠。這是一個真實的故事,一個十二歲的孩子努力四個月,改變了很多人的生命。


Image: DeepSpirits.com
崔佛第一個幫助的人是街頭遊民傑利。崔佛偷偷帶他回家,給他食物,讓他洗澡,還讓他住在車庫裡。崔佛為了鼓勵他,把自己的積蓄給予他,讓他去買衣服。傑利找到工作後,便回到崔佛的家,主動替其修理車子,但被崔佛的母親艾琳發現了,追問之下,發現兒子「讓愛傳出去」的計劃,艾琳對十二歲兒子的作為又驚又喜。但傑利有毒癮,一遇到舊日同黨便再度沉淪毒海之中,於是遠走異鄉,期盼能重新振作。崔佛以為第一個計畫失敗了,非常失望。但傑利並沒有忘記崔佛要傳的愛,在途中,因緣際會,救了一位企圖自殺的婦女,最後崔佛的計劃成功了。

在現實中我們太容易設立了一個界限 (boundary) 給自己,經常覺得自己有很多事情也做不成,以致未能把事情做好。電影中崔佛只有十二歲,大家總認為小朋友的能力有限,但他沒有把年齡作為自己的界限,仍然盡力把愛傳出去。筆者建議大家當遇到對自己能力有質疑的時候,除了可想起這套電影作安慰,亦可以反問自己為什麼別人能做到,自己卻做不到呢﹖答案其實很簡單,因為他們覺得自己一定可以做到,所以他們就會做到,正如你不會覺得自己學不會刷牙的道理一樣。這套電影真是值得一看 — 「讓愛傳出去」,從自己開始﹗

Woody Yip

Reference:
Leder, M. (Director). (2000). Pay It Forward [Motion Picture]. United States.

Psycovery - Jun 2012

改邪歸正的K仔?!

抗抑鬱藥物 (Antidepressants) 一般都會用作處方治療抑鬱症 (Depression) 以及躁鬱症 (Bipolar Disorder) 的抑鬱期。可是,抗抑鬱藥物的副作用很多,而且並不是非常有效,依靠抗抑鬱藥的病人往往都需要花非常長的時間才能治癒。最近,美國國家心理研究中心 (National Institute of Mental Health) 的研究員發現,氯胺酮 (Ketamine, 俗稱K仔) 竟然可以有效治療抑鬱症!

由 Dr Carlos Zarate 所率領的團隊進行了一項臨床測試,他們將單劑量的氯胺酮以及安慰劑 (Placebo) 分別給予兩組正在經歷抑鬱期的躁鬱症病人。結果發現, 79% 接受了氯胺酮治療的病人,他們的抑鬱症狀在四十分鐘內有顯著改善,並且能夠維持三天,而接受了安慰劑的病人則沒有任何改善。另一方面,他們發現氯胺酮亦能夠於一小時內顯著減低病人的自殺念頭。

氯胺酮是 N-甲基-D-天冬胺酸受體 (N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA receptor) 的拮抗劑 (Antagonist),這項發現,確定了 NMDA 受體複合物對快速抗抑鬱及抗自殺的影響,還提供了開發下一代抗抑鬱治療的另一途徑。由於現時數種可處方的抗抑鬱藥物通常需要非常長的治療時間,而且沒有一種像氯胺酮般具有快速抗抑鬱及抗自殺的效果,所以更顯這項研究的價值。

圖中為氯胺  (C13H16ClNO) 的分子結構。Image: PsyPost
Sora Siu

Reference:
Ketamine improves bipolar depression within minutes. (2012, May 30). Retrieved May 31, 2012, from Psypost: http://www.psypost.org/2012/05/ketamine-improves-bipolar-depression-within-minutes-11941